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In the countryside or during wars, people went outdoors to relieve themselves, to the cowshed or the dung-heap in the yard. Houses of a higher social standing had a little hut built by the dung-heap. At night, chamberpots were used, tucked under beds, and were emptied on the dung-heap in the morning.
 
In the castles and in wealthier homes we would find a privy – a toilet, located, whenever possible, in one of the heated rooms in an oriel on the first floor. There wasn’t necessarily a door and inside was a bench seat with a round hole. Not uncommonly it was in the banquet hall itself, so one would not have to depart, and could even observe the goings-on at table from the privy. Privies used to be in a niche cut in the wall, with a sloping vent shaft leading to the outside of the building. In either case the faecal matter would fall freely along the castle walls into the ditch or down the slope. Privies were gradually upgraded and flushed through with rainwater. They might also have a flap added that discharged the excrement once the flap was released by a foot-lever. Despite this, up to the 16th century it was common practice to empty chamberpots out of windows onto the city streets.

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